傳統家屋 Traditional tsou-style house

鄒族的家屋以竹子跟茅草為建材，形式上有長方形、橢圓形兩種，家屋以中央火塘為中心，上方有棚架，可儲存物品與放置獸皮。

家屋空間象徵兩性，有兩個出入口，面東之門定義為男子出入口；面西之門界定為後門，是女子出入口。

家屋前方庭院有放置薪柴、獸骨的專屬空間，也是曬榖、祭祀的地方，屬於男性的空間；後院多為雞、豬舍，是女性的生活空間。

鄒族傳統家屋與生活

#鄒家的基本概念

鄒氏的親屬組織層次分明，分為家族、宗族、宗族三個層次。

Ongko no emoo（宗族）是鄒族的基本社會結構單位。 一群生活在一起的 Ongko no emoo 有兩個特點，他們共享“禁忌屋”（Emoo no peisia），以及動物的骨架（Tvofsuya 或 hufu）作為他們的象徵。 他們的特點是一起耕種，共享河流捕魚區，一起舉行小米儀式。

該單位由稱為家庭（Cono suizopu）的宗族群組成，由家庭家庭（Emoo）創建，因此是與家庭分離的成員。

Onko no emo 結合的氏族（Aulu macocono aemana）建立了一個更大的親屬群體。 他們的血緣關係很清楚，是異族通婚，共享狩獵地和耕地

由這些氏族構成一個部落。 他們的親屬層次組織清楚，我們可以從下圖清楚地了解。

阿里山鄒氏有四十三個宗族（Ongko no emoo），隸屬於八個氏族（Aulu macocono aemana）。 氏族人口分佈在各個代理處遷移，因此宗族的人口和地位各不相同。

自古以來，氏族的人都生活在一起，一個完整的氏族作為正常的生活單位，直到他們擴大了勢力範圍，方便了他們的工作，生活單位逐漸減少，早先的宗族家庭，現在的趨勢是宗族家庭。 現在的家庭成員有兩種形式，一種是家庭體系，包括祖父、父親、兄弟、叔叔關係； 另一個是小家庭系統，包括夫妻和孩子的關係。

#導遊的位置和解釋的要點

圖為位置遊覽說明，指導點如下：

1.鄒氏傳統民居是鄒氏最完善的社會基本結構（Cono suizopu）（家庭）的最小單位。在古代，無論人口多寡，都住在這種類型的房子裡，不計人數，共用一個祭祀小米女神的儲藏室和一個動物的骨架架作為生活禁忌。

前門（cungsu）：在傳統觀念中，女性是禁止進入的。主要原因是女性不能觸碰右側手持戰鬥和狩獵裝備的牆壁。

後門（miacmo'na）：女性的入口和他們的工作工具放在這個區域。

靜音：家裡不能大聲喧嘩，以免打擾小米女神。嚴苛的程度就算是把狗趕出家門，也不能大聲命令驅逐。

2. 戰爭展示和狩獵工具：所有狩獵工具禁止女性觸摸，請客人不要觸摸。

Tosvafou（獵物、獵物台輔助）：這裡是狩獵者回來後將獵物放下，將獵物分給Tosvafou的地方。

野豬頭骨（Yasngu no fuzu）：Tsou 用來將獵物的頭骨存放在動物的骨架架子上，其主要意義是突出狩獵的收穫，也可以作為狩獵技能的口頭指導，獵人將教下一代如何狩獵和解釋技能。因此，骨頭骨的展示不僅有野豬，還包括鹿、水鹿、麂、鷹爪、山羊角等。

火爐（普普祖）：左右各有一個，左邊主要用來烤肉、小米、皮革等（展示：烤架的架設方式）。壁爐的右側用於做飯。壁爐上方的第一層放置竹架放置一般餐具，旁邊的吊籃（Kubana）放置剩餘的肉。第二層放置一個木頭存放乾燥的小米，最上面一行是用藤蔓包裹的放置皮革或肉類。 （p.s.掛在頭頂據說是怕孩子吃）。

3.“室內瘦膝蹲葬”。

蒸箱（Fuheonga）：蒸糯米、小米，作為製作糯米糕（Ufi）的重要工具

床（Hopo/mohcungcu）：據住所的家庭成員介紹，有時會在地板上鋪拉哈布（用貝殼姜葉製成的編織墊）地毯作為床，所以床的數量不定。

4. 多種篩盤（編織材質：黃藤、竹子、貝殼姜葉）。

逃生門（東姑魚）：敵人來臨時，理性邏輯必然會前後進攻，但鄒家卻有獨特的逃生門，可以作為製勝敵人的關鍵；同樣像被圍剿收進大桶中一樣。

杵（pngiei）凡人（sugngu）：製作糍粑和小米酒的工具，是女主之一，據說女不玩小米未婚。

這個區域展示了女性常用的工具，所以故意放在後門（miacmo'na）。牆後掛著女工外的農具。

藤架搓皮（eyaaso）：鄒族在台灣原住民消費非常出眾，有明顯的皮衣、皮帽、皮褲打底褲、披肩……。鄒將曬乾或曬乾的獸皮掛在藤架的摩擦皮上，來回摩擦，直到皮革變得柔軟耐磨。

倉祭小米（Emoo no peisia）：小米女神下榻的地方，也是存放小米的地方，這個櫃子是家精神的一個非常重要的象徵，也是傳統家庭禁忌的一個原因。家家嚴禁噤聲，以免打擾小米女神，受到懲罰。

5.這個區域是女性進出，所以壁掛是女性工作用具最多的地方。

小鋤頭（tu'u）：耕作的目的。

背簍（yungku）：裝載收成並攜帶。

簍載木（mongnu）：從山上採來的木材，裝在籮筐里，帶回家。

6.這裡是關於鄒釣的介紹

共享亭（佛佛）：其目的是分發、烹調、吃魚，禁止在家吃魚，只在佛佛吃完，進家前必須洗手、漱口。

釣架（雲鼓）：本器具一般設置在急流河道上，水流導入釣架，落入風笛巷後方。

魚叉（teezo）：多用在乾燥的冬季，用魚叉直觀地直接刺穿河流。

漁網（yoi no maaseu）：在夏季雨季，當河水氾濫時使用漁網捕捉魚

Traditional Homes of Tsou’s custom lifestyle

1) Basic concept of Tsou’s family Homes

Tsou’s organizational level of relatives is clear, divided into three levels: family, lineage and clan group.

Ongko no emoo (lineage group) is the basic social structure unit of Tsou. A group of Ongko no emoo who live together have two feature, they share the “taboo house” (Emoo no peisia), and animal’s skeleton shelf (Tvofsuya or hufu) as their symbol. Their feature are farming together, sharing river fishing area, holding millet rituals together.

The unit consisted of lineage group called family (Cono suizopu), and created by family homes (Emoo), and thus the member that separate from homes.

The clan (Aulu macocono aemana) which combine of Onko no emo build a bigger relatives group. Their kinship is very clear and is a exogamous, and sharing the hunting place and arable land

From these clan constitute a tribe. Their level organization of relatives clearly, we can clearly understand from the following picture.

Alishan Tsou had forty-three lineage group (Ongko no emoo), belonging to eight clans (Aulu macocono aemana). The population of clan distribute migrate at each agency, so the population and status of the lineage are different.

Since ancient habit, the people of the clan is living together, a whole clan as normal living unit, until they expanding dominion, facilitating their jobs, living unit gradually reduced, patriarchal clan earlier now the trend became patriarchal family. Nowadays the family’s members had two forms, one is a family system include grandfather, father, brother, uncle relationship; another is a small family system include a couple and child relationships.

2) Picture of the designated place when guide touring inside home

3) Position of guide tour and the point of explanation

Picture 1-6 represent position tour explanations, the guiding point following:

1. Tsou’s traditional homes is Tsou’s the smallest unit of the most perfect society basic structure (Cono suizopu) (family). In ancient times, regardless of population size, all living in this type of homes without reference to the number, share a storage for sacrifice the goddess of millet and an animal’s skeleton shelf as living taboo.

Front door (cungsu): In traditional concept, the female is prohibited to enter. The main reason is female could not touching the wall of the right side that holding the equipment of fighting and hunting.

Back door (miacmo’na): The entrance of the female and their working tool was putting at this area.

Silent: Inside the family homes cannot making too much noise, to avoid disturb the goddess of millet. The degree of rigor even drive the dogs out of the homes, also can’t loudly ordered expelled.

2. Exhibition of war and the hunting tools: All the hunting tools prohibited the touching of the female, please advised the guest don’t touching.

Tosvafou(卸下獵物輔助臺)：This is the place where the hunter put down their capture of the hunting when they came back, and put the prey onto the Tosvafou dismembering and share to the each family.

Boar skull(Yasngu no fuzu):Tsou used to store the hunted animals head bone on animal’s skeleton shelf, its main significance to highlighting the hunting harvest, and also can be used as instruct orally of the hunting skill, the hunter would taught the next generation how to hunting and explaining the skill. Therefore, the display of the bone skull not only boar, and also covered the deer, Formosa sambar deer, muntiacus reevesi, hawk claw, goat horn and others.

Fire Place(Pupuzu): At left and right side each have one , on the left is mainly used to roast meat, millet, leather and other else(Show: the way to set up the grill). Right side of the fireplace is used for cooking. The first layer above the fireplace placed bamboo frame to put the general tableware, next to it hanging basket (Kubana) to put the leftover meat. The second layer placed a wooden stored the dryness millet, the top line is wrapped with vine placed leather or meat. (p.s. hanging overhead is said to be afraid of children eating).

3. “indoor lean knee squatting burial”.

Steam Box (Fuheonga): Steaming glutinous rice, millet, as important tools for making glutinous rice cake (Ufi)

Bed (Hopo/mohcungcu): According to the members of the family living in added the bed, sometimes will use lahapu (weaven mats made by shell ginger leaf) carpet on the floor as bed, so the number of the bed uncertain.

4. Variety of sieve trays (knitting material: yellow rattan, bamboo, shell ginger leaf).

Escape door (tungkuyu): When enemy comes, rational logic inevitably offensive attack by forward and backward, but Tsou’s homes had a unique escape door can be used as the key to winning the enemy; similarly like incorporated into the vat by encirclement wipe out.

Pestle (pngiei) Mortal (sugngu): Tools of making glutinous rice cake and millet wine, is one of the main female, is said to the female not play millet never been married.

This area displayed the tools that female commonly used, so deliberately put at back door (miacmo’na). After the wall hung the female work outside farming equipment.

Rubbing skin of Rattan Shelf (eyaaso): Tsou consumes in Taiwan aboriginal is very outstanding, it had obviously leather wearing, leather hats, leather pants leggings, shawls…. Tsou put the dried or drying animals skins hanging on the rubbing skin of rattan shelf and rub back and forth, until the leather becomes soft and wearable.

Warehouse Sacrifice millet (Emoo no peisia): The place goddess of millet staying, and also is place stored millet, this cabinet is a very important symbol of the spirit of home, and also constitute a reason of taboo of traditional family home. Family home strictly to be silent to avoid disturbed goddess of millet and to be punished.

5. This area is female come in and go out, so the wall hanging the most female working appliance use.

Small hoe (tu’u): purposes of farming.

Back basket (yungku): to load the harvest and carrying it.

Basket carrying wood (mongnu): the wood as timber collecting from the mountain put into the basket and bear to home.

6. Here is introducing about Tsou fishing

Pavilion of share (Fo’fo): Its purpose is to distribute, cook, eat the fish, it’s prohibited to eat the fish at home, only finished at Fo’fo, and they must wash their hands, gargle before entering the home.

Fishing frame (yungu): This appliance is generally set up at the rapids river, the water flow guide into the frame, and fall into the rear of piper lane.

Harpoon (teezo): more commonly used in the dry winter period, the river visually and directly piercing with the harpoon.

Fishing net (yoi no maaseu): At the summer rainy season, use the fishing net caught the fish when the river without vision.

Coop (emoo no teo’ua): The backyard of home will fence coop depends of demand; or masonry walls as fencing to breed pigs.